Monitoring LLM behavior: Drift, retries, and refusal patterns

The stochastic challenge Traditional software is predictable: Input A plus function B always equals output C. This determinism allows engineers to develop robust tests. On the other hand, generative AI is stochastic and unpredictable. The exact same prompt often yields different results on Monday versus Tuesday, breaking the traditional unit testing that engineers know and love. To ship enterprise-ready AI, engineers cannot rely on mere “vibe checks” that pass today but fail when customers use t